With the rapid development of molecular biotechnology, biochemistry, genetics and immunology, the theoretical basis and technical level of vaccine development have been constantly improved and improved. Some traditional classical vaccine varieties have been further transformed into new vaccines, while others that cannot be developed with classical technologies have found ways to solve the problem. Therefore, subunit vaccines, recombinant vaccines, nucleic acid vaccines and other new vaccines for different infectious diseases and non infectious diseases are constantly coming out.

In the long history of human beings, people have been seeking ways to get rid of various plagues and diseases, but there is only a short history to fight against diseases through vaccination. It was not until the 20th century that the routine vaccination of large populations was gradually popularized, and was increasingly widely known and accepted by the public.