Vaccine development process
Vaccine development process
With the rapid development of molecular biotechnology, biochemistry, genetics and immunology, the theoretical basis and technical level of vaccine development have been constantly improved and improved. Some traditional classical vaccine varieties have been further transformed into new vaccines, while others that cannot be developed with classical technologies have found ways to solve the problem. Therefore, subunit vaccines, recombinant vaccines, nucleic acid vaccines and other new vaccines for different infectious diseases and non infectious diseases are constantly coming out.
Subunit vaccine: It is a vaccine made by chemical decomposition or controlled protein hydrolysis to separate natural proteins, extract special protein structures of bacteria and viruses, and screen out segments with immune activity. It is called subunit vaccine. Subunit vaccine has only a few major surface proteins, so it can eliminate many antibodies induced by unrelated antigens, thus reducing the side effects of the vaccine and vaccine related diseases.
Recombinant gene vaccine: born in 1972 at Stanford University in the United States, it has been rapidly popularized throughout the world, bringing revolutionary progress to life science. Of course, the preparation of vaccine is no exception. The application of recombinant gene technology has opened up a new way for vaccine research. Genetic engineering vaccine is a vaccine made by using DNA recombination biotechnology to insert the natural or artificial genetic material in the pathogen shell protein that can induce the immune response of the body into bacteria, yeast or mammalian cells, and express and purify it. Among the genetic engineering vaccines, the more successful one is the recombinant HepBS protein (hepatitis B virus surface antigen protein) hepatitis B vaccine, which has a good immune effect. Now more than 150 countries including China have included it in the planned immunization. The recombinant genetic engineering vaccines under research include BCG vaccine, recombinant vaccine, SARS vaccine, HIV vaccine, highly pathogenic avian influenza vaccine, etc., which have made many gratifying progress.